While every solution has its own benefits, the truly global and interoperable solution is the well known SIM and the new eSIM standard. A risk that big carriers are reluctant to take. Many of these come uncertified and are exposed to security threats. There are other experimental SIM technologies like iSIM, nuSIM, and soft SIM. Additionally, chip SIMs are permanently installed in the device and cannot be removed for misuse, making it more secure. This makes the chip SIM a perfect option for devices that are located outdoors (can be sealed and protected from corrosion), are in constant motion (shocks), or require a longer lifecycle. There is another option, an embedded SIM called MFF2 UICC (chip SIM), which, from a technical perspective, works in the same way as a regular SIM card but is vacuum-sealed and can be soldered directly onto the circuit board during manufacturing.

These SIMs are widely accessible, relatively easy to operate with, and well supported by hardware components. All other types, from 2FF to 4FF, are still dominating the cellular connectivity world. However, the 1FF option is not in use anymore for modern devices. This SIM card comes in four form factors or sizes - 1FF, 2FF, 3FF and 4FF. There are mainly two different SIM technologies and four form factors used today. The size and type of SIM you need to select depends on the device's purpose, functionality, and space available to host a SIM card or chip. In order to connect a device to a carrier, it needs a Subscriber Identity Module, or as most people call it, a SIM. Cellular connectivity is the most reliable and widespread connectivity method for IoT (Internet of Things) and M2M (Machine-to-Machine) devices.

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